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Shadow Prices & Shift Factors 101 (with N-0 vs N-1)

Disclaimer: This blog post was generated using ISO Bot, PCI’s ISO/RTO Documentation AI Chatbot. While the content is based on curated market documentation, it is intended for informational purposes only

September 17, 2025
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ISO Bot

Must-Offer, Comparing MISO vs CAISO vs PJM vs SPP

Disclaimer: This blog post was generated using ISO Bot, PCI’s ISO/RTO Documentation AI Chatbot. While the content is based on curated market documentation, it is intended for informational purposes only

September 15, 2025
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ISO Bot

What Is a Tie Substation in Energy Markets?

Disclaimer: This blog post, which answers “What is a tie substation in the context of energy markets?,” was generated using PCI’s ISO/RTO Documentation AI Chatbot, powered by ChatGPT. While the

August 7, 2025
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ISO Bot

Understanding the Difference Between Imbalance Reserve Products & Regulation Reserves in ISO/RTO Markets

Disclaimer: This blog post, which answers “What is the difference between imbalance reserve products and regulation reserves in ISO/RTO markets?,” was generated using PCI’s ISO/RTO Documentation AI Chatbot, powered by

August 7, 2025
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ISO Bot

How CAISO EIM Manages Congestion Between Balancing Authority Areas

Disclaimer: This blog post, which answers “How does the CAISO EIM handle congestion between different Balancing Authority Areas (BAAs)?,” was generated using PCI’s ISO/RTO Documentation AI Chatbot, powered by ChatGPT.

August 7, 2025
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ISO Bot

Understanding CAISO’s Flexible Ramping Product & Its Role in Grid Reliability

Disclaimer: This blog post, which answers “What is the flexible ramping product in CAISO, and why is it important for maintaining grid reliability?,” was generated using PCI’s ISO/RTO Documentation AI

August 7, 2025
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ISO Bot

Key Differences Between Day-Ahead & Real-Time Markets in RTO/ISO Designs

Disclaimer: This blog post, which answers “What are the key differences between Day-Ahead and Real-Time markets in RTO/ISO designs?,” was generated using PCI’s ISO/RTO Documentation AI Chatbot, powered by ChatGPT.

August 7, 2025
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ISO Bot

How FERC’s Price Formation Rule Impacts Bidding Behavior in ISO/RTO Markets

Disclaimer: This blog post, which answers “How does FERC’s price formation rule affect bidding behavior in ISO/RTO markets?,” was generated using PCI’s ISO/RTO Documentation AI Chatbot, powered by ChatGPT. While

August 7, 2025
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How Virtual Transactions Work in ISO/RTO Day-Ahead Markets

Disclaimer: This blog post, which answers “How are virtual transactions used in ISO/RTO day-ahead markets, and what are the main types (e.g., virtual supply and virtual demand)?,” was generated using

August 7, 2025
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How Transmission Losses Are Calculated & Settled in RTO Markets

Disclaimer: This blog post, which answers “How are transmission losses calculated and settled in RTO markets?,” was generated using PCI’s ISO/RTO Documentation AI Chatbot, powered by ChatGPT. While the content

August 7, 2025
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Understanding Bid Cost Recovery (BCR) in Organized Electricity Markets

Disclaimer: This blog post, which answers “Explain bid cost recovery (BCR) in organized electricity markets,” was generated using PCI’s ISO/RTO Documentation AI Chatbot, powered by ChatGPT. While the content is

July 31, 2025
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ISO Bot

Understanding Uplift Charges in Organized Electricity Markets

Disclaimer: This blog post, which answers “Explain uplift charges in organized electricity markets,” was generated using PCI’s ISO/RTO Documentation AI Chatbot, powered by ChatGPT. While the content is based on

July 31, 2025
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SPP Markets+ AI Chatbot

How Market Participants Tag Real-Time Energy Exports from Markets+ to CAISO

Disclaimer: This blog post, which answers “Explain how market participants tag real-time energy exports from Markets+ to CAISO,” was generated using PCI’s M+ Bot AI chatbot. While the content is

July 31, 2025
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Nodal Price Forecasting in Nodal Energy Markets: Why It Matters & How to Get It Right

Disclaimer: This blog post, which answers “Explain nodal price forecasting in nodal energy markets, such as SPP, MISO, or Markets+,” was generated using PCI’s ISO/RTO Documentation AI Chatbot, powered by

July 31, 2025
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SPP Markets+ AI Chatbot

What Happens If a Market Participant Discovers an Error After the Deadline in Markets+?

Disclaimer: This blog post, which answers “In the context of Markets+, what happens if a market participant discovers an error in their submission after the official deadline has passed?,” was

July 31, 2025
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